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Snap for diagnostic car tool

goanywhere — Tue, 15 Sep 2009 08:13:03 +0200

2050W Demolition Hammer Kit ,

Look up snap in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Snap or SNAP may refer to any of the following:
Contents
1 Science/Technology/Engineering
2 Culture/Sport/Games
3 Places
4 Other
//
Science/Technology/Engineering
S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, a biochemical reagent
SNAP-25, in molecular biology, Synaptosome Associated Protein of 25kDa, which interacts with SNARE (SNAP REceptor) in membrane fusion events
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), current name for the United States Food Stamp Program
Snap (physics), the fourth time-derivative of position
Subnetwork Access Protocol (SNAP), for distinguishing protocols running atop the IEEE 802.2 layer
Systems Nuclear Auxiliary Power Program (or System for Nuclear Auxiliary Power), a radioisotope thermoelectric generator
Supernova/Acceleration Probe, a proposed satellite observatory
Snap Server, a network attached storage (NAS) appliance currently sold by Overland
Scalable Network Application Package, also known as SNAP Mobile, Nokia's online gaming platform
SNAP (software) (Symbolic Network Analysis Program), a symbolic circuit simulator
ITK-SNAP, a software application for medical image segmentation
Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP), a personality questionnaire developed by Lee Anna Clark
Snap (computer graphics) is an option which allows objects to be easily positioned in alignment with grid lines, guide lines or other objects, by causing them to automatically jump to an exact position when they are moved to within some distance of that position
Culture/Sport/Games
Snaps In Scandinavian languages, a small shot of a strong alcoholic beverage
Snap, the nickname of Primus bass player Les Claypool
Pokmon Snap
Snap (Pillow Pal), a Pillow Pal turtle made by Ty, Inc.
Snap (card game), a card game
Snap (football), an action that starts each play in American football
Snap music, an Atlanta-based hip-hop subgenre
Snap (dance move)
Snap! (The Jam album)
Snap!, an electronic music group
Snap (TV series), a 1990s children's television series, shown on CITV
Places
Snap, Wiltshire, England, a deserted village
Other
Snap (fingers), snapping one fingers
Snap of Snap, Crackle and Pop, the three mascots of Rice Krispies
Snap fastener, a term for a special type of fastener on a piece of clothing
Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests
Sarawak National Party, a political party in Sarawak, Malaysia
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
Categories: Disambiguation pagesHidden categories: All disambiguation pages | All article disambiguation pages

Barium chlorate for barium carbonate

goanywhere — Wed, 09 Sep 2009 10:51:01 +0200

worm/screen centrifuge ,

Barium chlorate
Other names
Chloric acid barium salt
Identifiers
CAS number
[13477-00-4]
Properties
Molecular formula
Ba(ClO3)2
Molar mass
304.23 g/mol
Appearance
white solid
Density
3.18 g/cm3, solid
Melting point
414 C
Solubility in water
27.5 g/ml (20 C)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references
Barium chlorate is a white crystalline solid. It is an irritant, and if consumed can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. It is used in pyrotechnics to produce a green colour.
Synthesis
Barium chlorate can be produced through a double displacement reaction of barium chloride and sodium chlorate.
BaCl2 + 2 NaClO3 Ba(ClO3)2 + 2 NaCl
It can also be produced through a more complicated non-electrolytic process.
BaCl2 + Na2CO3 BaCO3 + 2 NaCl or BaCl2 + 2 NaHCO3 BaCO3 + 2 NaCl + H2O + CO2 In this step barium carbonate is produced, which will be used later.
C4H6O6 + NH4OH NH4C4H5O6 + H2O in this step ammonium bitartrate is produced.
NH4C4H5O6 + KClO3 KC4H5O6 + NH4ClO3 in this step, the ammonium bitartrate is added to potassium chlorate, which produces potassium bitartrate, but more importantly, ammonium chlorate.
2 NH4ClO3 + BaCO3 + Q Ba(ClO3)2 + 2 NH3 + H2O + CO2 in this step, the ammonium chlorate is added to the barium carbonate and boiled, to produce barium chlorate.
References
^ Perigrin, Tom. "Barium Chlorate". Geocities. http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Campus/5361/chlorate/barium.html. Retrieved on 2007-02-22.
External links
Barium Chlorate
v d e
Barium compounds
BaBr2 | BaCO3 | BaC2O4 | Ba(ClO3)2 | BaCl2 | BaCrO4 | BaF2 | BaFeO4 | BaFe2O4 | BaI2 | Ba(NO3)2 | BaO | BaO2 | Ba(OH)2 | BaS | BaSO4 | BaTiO3
This inorganic compound-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Categories: Barium compounds | Inorganic compounds | Chlorates | Pyrotechnic oxidizers | Pyrotechnic colorants | Inorganic compound stubsHidden categories: Chemical pages needing a structure drawing

Potassium hydroxide for potassium carbon...

goanywhere — Wed, 09 Sep 2009 10:03:01 +0200

Chemical Equipments ,

Potassium hydroxide
IUPAC name

Potassium hydroxide
Other names
Caustic potash
Potash lye
Potassia
Potassium hydrate
Identifiers
CAS number
[1310-58-3]
PubChem
6093213
EC number
215-181-3
UN number
1813
RTECS number
TT2100000
ChemSpider ID
14113
Properties
Molecular formula
KOH
Molar mass
56.1056 g/mol
Appearance
white solid, deliquescent
Density
2.044 g/cm3
Melting point
420 C
Boiling point
1327 C
Solubility in water
110 g/100 mL (25 C)
178 g/100 mL (100 C)
Solubility
soluble in alcohol, glycerol
insoluble in ether, liquid ammonia
Acidity (pKa)
13.5 (0.1 M)
Refractive index (nD)
1.409
Structure
Crystal structure
monoclinic
Coordination
geometry
rhombohedral
Hazards
MSDS
ICSC 0357
EU Index
019-002-00-8
EU classification
Corrosive (C)
Harmful (Xn)
R-phrases
R22, R35
S-phrases
(S1/2), S26, S36/37/39, S45
NFPA 704
0
3
1

Flash point
Non-flammable
LD50
273 mg/kg
Related compounds
Other anions
Potassium hydrosulfide
Potassium amide
Other cations
Lithium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide
Rubidium hydroxide
Caesium hydroxide
Related compounds
Potassium oxide
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references
Potassium hydroxide is the inorganic compound with the formula KOH. Along with sodium hydroxide, this colourless solid is a prototypical "strong base". It has many industrial and niche applications. Most applications exploit its reactivity toward acids and its corrosive nature. In 2005, an estimated 700,000 to 800,000 tons were produced. Approximately 100 times more NaOH than KOH is produced annually. KOH is noteworthy as the precursor to most soft and liquid soaps as well as numerous potassium-containing chemicals.
Contents
1 Properties and structure
1.1 Structure
1.2 Solubility and desiccating properties
1.3 Thermal stability
2 Reactions
2.1 As a base
2.2 As a nucleophile in organic chemistry
2.3 Reactions with inorganic compounds
3 Manufacture
4 Uses
4.1 Precursor to other potassium compounds
4.2 Manufacture of biodiesel
4.3 Manufacture of soft soaps
4.4 As an electrolyte
4.5 Niche applications
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
//
Properties and structure
Potassium hydroxide is usually sold as translucent pellets, which will become tacky in air because KOH is hygroscopic. Consequently, KOH characteristically contains varying amounts of water (as well as carbonates, see below). Its dissolution in water is strongly exothermic, meaning the process gives off significant heat. Concentrated aqueous solutions are sometimes called potassium lyes.
Structure
At higher temperatures, solid KOH crystallizes in the NaCl motif. The OH group is either rapidly or randomly disordered so that the OH- group is effectively a spherical anion of radius 1.53 (between Cl- and F- in size). At room temperature the OH- groups are ordered and the environment about the K+ centers is distorted with K+---OH- distances ranging from 2.69 to 3.15 , depending on the orientation of the OH group. KOH forms a series of crystalline hydrates, namely the monohydrate KOHH2O, the dihydrate KOH2H2O, and the tetrahydrate KOH4H2O.
Solubility and desiccating properties
Approximately 121 g of KOH will dissolve in 100 mL of water at room temperature (compared with 100 g of NaOH in the same volume). Lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and propanols are also excellent solvents. The solubility in ethanol is about 40 g KOH/100 mL.
Because of its high affinity for water, KOH serves as a desiccant in the laboratory. It is often used to dry basic solvents, especially amines and pyridines: distillation of these basic liquids from a slurry of KOH yields the anhydrous reagent.
Thermal stability
Like NaOH, KOH exhibits high thermal stability. The gaseous species is dimeric. Even at high temperatures, dehydration does not occur. Because of its high stability and relatively low melting point, it is often melt-cast as pellets or rods, forms that have low surface area and convenient handling properties.
Reactions
As a base
KOH is highly basic, forming strongly alkali solutions in water and other polar solvents. These solutions are capable of deprotonating many acids, even weak ones. In analytical chemistry, titratons using solutions of KOH are used to assay acids.
As a nucleophile in organic chemistry
KOH, like NaOH, serves as a source of OH-, a highly nucleophilic anion that attacks polar bonds in both inorganic and organic materials. In perhaps its most well-known reaction, aqueous KOH saponifies esters:
KOH + RCO2R RCO2K + RH
When R is a long chain, the product is called a potassium soap. This reaction is manifested by the reasy feel that KOH gives when touched fats on the skin are rapidly converted to soap and glycerol.
Molten KOH is used to displace halides and other leaving groups. The reaction is especially useful for aromatic reagents to give the corresponding phenols.
Reactions with inorganic compounds
Complementary to its reactivity toward acids, KOH attacks anhydrides, defined in the broadest sense. Thus, SiO2 and CO2 are attacked by KOH to give the silicates and bicarbonate, respectively:
KOH + CO2 KHCO3
Manufacture
Historically KOH was made by boiling a solution of potassium carbonate (potash) with calcium hydroxide (slaked lime), leading to a metathesis reaction which caused calcium carbonate to precipitate, leaving potassium hydroxide in solution:
Ca(OH)2 + K2CO3 CaCO3 + 2 KOH
Filtering off the precipitated calcium carbonate and boiling down the solution gives potassium hydroxide ("calcinated or caustic potash"). This method was used potash extracted from wood ashes using slaked lime. It was the most important method of producing potassium hydroxide until the late 19th century, when it was largely replaced by the modern method of electrolysis of potassium chloride solutions, analogous to the method of manufacturing sodium hydroxide (see chloralkali process):
2 KCl + 2 H2O 2 KOH + Cl2 + H2
Hydrogen gas forms as a by-product on the cathode; concurrently, an anodic oxidation of the chloride ion takes place, forming chlorine gas as a byproduct. Separation of the anodic and cathodic spaces in the electrolysis cell is essential for this process.
Uses
See also: Sodium hydroxide
KOH and NaOH can be used interchangeably for a number of applications, although in industry, NaOH is preferred because of its lower cost.
Precursor to other potassium compounds
Many radium salts are prepared by neutralization reactions involving KOH. The potassium salts of carbonate, cyanide, permanganate, phosphate, and various silicates are prepared by treating either the oxides or the acids with KOH. The high solubility of potassium phosphate is desirable in fertilizers.
Manufacture of biodiesel
Although more expensive than using sodium hydroxide, KOH works well in the manufacture of biodiesel by saponification of the fats in vegetable oil. Glycerin from potassium hydroxide-processed biodiesel is useful as an inexpensive food supplement for livestock, once the toxic methanol is removed.
Manufacture of soft soaps
The saponification of fats with KOH is used to prepare the corresponding "potassium soaps," which are softer than the more common sodium hydroxide-derived soaps. Because of their softness and greater solubility, potassium soaps require less water to liquefy, and can thus contain more cleaning agent than liquefied sodium soaps.
As an electrolyte
Aqueous potassium hydroxide is employed as the electrolyte in alkaline batteries based on nickel-cadmium and manganese dioxide-zinc. Potassium hydroxide is preferred over sodium hydroxide because its solutions are more conductive.
Niche applications
KOH attracts numerous specialized applications, which virtually all rely on its basic or degradative properties. KOH is widely used in the laboratory for the same purposes. In chemical synthesis, the selection of KOH vs. NaOH is guided by the solubility for the resulting salt. Its corrosive properties make it useful as an ingredient in cleaning and disinfection of resistant surfaces and materials. It is often the main active ingredient in chemical "cuticle removers." KOH is also widely used as a way to remove hair from animal hides, leaving the hides in a solution of KOH and water for a few days.
See also
Soda lime
References
^ a b H. Schultz, G. Bauer, E. Schachl, F. Hagedorn, P. Schmittinger otassium Compounds in Ullmann Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a22 039
^ "Caustic Potash." Oxy.com Retrieved on January 24, 2008.
^ "Potassium Hydroxide." MSDS Retrieved on January 24
^ Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.
^ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
^ W. W. Hartman. "p-Cresol". Org. Synth.; Coll. Vol. 1: 175.
^ Rmpp Chemie-Lexikon, 9th Ed. (in german)
^ http://www.utahbiodieselsupply.com/chemicals.php#KOH
^...

Twin carbon arc welding for carbon weldi...

goanywhere — Wed, 09 Sep 2009 09:39:03 +0200

Heat Resistant Steel Electrode (HG-HRSE) ,

The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject. Please help improve the article with a good introductory style.
This needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2006)
Unlike single carbon arc welding, in twin carbon arc welding the arc is maintained between two carbon electrodes held in a special holder. Current is switched on and by operating the mechanism of arc length adjustment the two electrodes are brought closer. The two electrodes touch momentarily, then separate and thus an arc is established.
The size of the arc depends upon the distance between the electrode tips, electrode diameters and the welding current. The heat input to the job can be varied by changing the arc size or the distance between the arc and workpiece. After striking the arc, welding can be carried out in the same way as in TIG welding process.
An AC supply is recommended for twin carbon arc welding. In case a DC supply is used, the positive electrode will disintegrate and consume at a much faster rate as compared to negative electrode, because two-thirds of the total heat is generated at the positive pole. This will produce an unstable arc and require frequent adjustment of the electrodes. In AC welding, because of alternate reversals of polarity, both the electrodes will be affected equally and present no problem.
The electrodes employed for twin carbon arc welding are approximately of the same diameter as the workpiece thickness. The magnitude of arc current required for welding depends upon both electrode diameter and plate thickness. For example, an 8 mm diameter electrode will need about 65 amps to weld a mild steel sheet of thickness 3.5 mm and 80 Amps to weld a sheet of 6 mm thickness.
Twin carbon arc welding, though more complex than single carbon arc welding, possesses the advantage that arc is independent of the job and can be moved anywhere without getting extinguished. Moreover, the workpiece is not a part of the electrical circuit.
External links
http://www.fortunecity.com/village/lind/247/weld_book/Ch6.htm
Categories: Arc weldingHidden categories: Wikipedia articles needing context | Wikipedia introduction cleanup | Articles needing additional references from June 2006

Phase for amplifier capacitors

goanywhere — Tue, 08 Sep 2009 06:10:01 +0200

model toy,model puzzle,toy plane,plane model,wooden block,kids block,assembling toy,diy toy,wood crafts,structural game,wood toy ,

Look up phase in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Contents
1 In science
1.1 In physics
1.2 In other sciences
2 In entertainment
3 Other uses
4 See also
//
Phase or phases may refer to:
In science
In physics
Phase (matter), a physically distinctive form of a substance, such as the solid, liquid, and gaseous states of ordinary matter
Phase transition is the transformation of a thermodynamic system from one phase to another
Phase (waves), the initial angle of a sinusoidal function at its origin
Polyphase system, a means of distributing alternating current electric power in multiple conducting wires with definite phase offsets
Single-phase electric power
Three-phase electric power
Three-phase, the mathematics of three-phase electric power
Phase problem, the loss of information (the phase) from a physical measurement
Phase factor, a complex scalar used in quantum mechanics
Continuous Fourier transform, the angle of a complex coefficient representing the phase of one sinusoidal component
Instantaneous phase, generalization for both cyclic and non-cyclic phenomena
In other sciences
Archaeological phase, a discrete period of occupation at an archaeological site
Lunar phase, the appearance of the Moon as viewed from the Earth
Planetary phase, the appearance of the illuminated section of a planet
Phase, in biology, a part of the cell cycle in which cells divide and reproduce
In entertainment
"Phases" (Buffy episode), an episode of the TV series Buffy the Vampire Slayer
Phases (.hack), fictional monsters in the .hack franchise
Phase IV, a 1974 science fiction movie directed by Saul Bass
Phase, an incarnation of the DC Comics character usually known as Phantom Girl
Other uses
Phase (syntax), a syntactic domain hypothesized by Noam Chomsky
Phase 10, a card game created by Fundex Games
Phase (game), a music game for the iPod developed by Harmonix Music Systems
Phase (combat) usually a period of combat within a larger military operation
A musical composition using Steve Reich's phasing technique
See also
Phasing (disambiguation)
Faze
Phaser
Phasor
FASOR
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
Categories: Disambiguation pagesHidden categories: All disambiguation pages | All article disambiguation pages

Fuel injection

goanywhere — Fri, 04 Sep 2009 09:08:28 +0200

Micrometer counter ,
Objectives
The functional objectives for fuel injection systems can vary. All share the central task of supplying fuel to the combustion process, but it is a design decision how a particular system will be optimized. There are several competing objectives such as:
power output
fuel efficiency
emissions performanc , oil temperature gauges .
ability to accommodate alternative fuel , outdoor digital thermometers .
reliabilit , fiber optic meter .
driveability and smooth operatio , humidity indicator card .
initial cost
maintenance cost
diagnostic capability
range of environmental operation
Certain combinations of these goals are conflicting, and it is impractical for a single engine control system to fully optimize all criteria simultaneously. In practice, automotive engineers strive to best satisfy a customer's needs competitively. The modern digital electronic fuel injection system is far more capable at optimizing these competing objectives consistently than a carburetor. Carburetors have the potential to atomize fuel better (see Pogue and Allen Caggiano patents).
Benefits
Engine operation
Operational benefits to the driver of a fuel-injected car include smoother and more dependable engine response during quick throttle transitions, easier and more dependable engine starting, better operation at extremely high or low ambient temperatures, increased maintenance intervals, and increased fuel efficiency. On a more basic level, fuel injection does away with the choke which on carburetor-equipped vehicles must be operated when starting the engine from cold and then adjusted as the engine warms up.
An engine's air/fuel ratio must be precisely controlled under all operating conditions to achieve the desired engine performance, emissions, driveability, and fuel economy. Modern electronic fuel-injection systems meter fuel very accurately, and use closed loop fuel-injection quantity-control based on a variety of feedback signals from an oxygen sensor, a mass airflow (MAF) or manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor, a throttle position (TPS), and at least one sensor on the crankshaft and/or camshaft(s) to monitor the engine's rotational position. Fuel injection systems can react rapidly to changing inputs such as sudden throttle movements, and control the amount of fuel injected to match the engine's dynamic needs across a wide range of operating conditions such as engine load, ambient air temperature, engine temperature, fuel octane level, and atmospheric pressure.
A multipoint fuel injection system generally delivers a more accurate and equal mass of fuel to each cylinder than can a carburetor, thus improving the cylinder-to-cylinder distribution. Exhaust emissions are cleaner because the more precise and accurate fuel metering reduces the concentration of toxic combustion byproducts leaving the engine, and because exhaust cleanup devices such as the catalytic converter can be optimized to operate more efficiently since the exhaust is of consistent and predictable composition.
Fuel injection generally increases engine fuel efficiency. With the improved cylinder-to-cylinder fuel distribution, less fuel is needed for the same power output. When cylinder-to-cylinder distribution is less than ideal, as is always the case to some degree with a carburetor or throttle body fuel injection, some cylinders receive excess fuel as a side effect of ensuring that all cylinders receive sufficient fuel. Power output is asymmetrical with respect to air/fuel ratio; burning extra fuel in the rich cylinders does not reduce power nearly as quickly as burning too little fuel in the lean cylinders. However, rich-running cylinders are undesirable from the standpoint of exhaust emissions, fuel efficiency, engine wear, and engine oil contamination. Deviations from perfect air/fuel distribution, however subtle, affect the emissions, by not letting the combustion events be at the chemically ideal (stoichiometric) air/fuel ratio. Grosser distribution problems eventually begin to reduce efficiency, and the grossest distribution issues finally affect power. Increasingly poorer air/fuel distribution affects emissions, efficiency, and power, in that order. By optimizing the homogeneity of cylinder-to-cylinder mixture distribution, all the cylinders approach their maximum power potential and the engine's overall power output improves.
A fuel-injected engine often produces more power than an equivalent carbureted engine. Fuel injection alone does not necessarily increase an engine's maximum potential output. Increased airflow is needed to burn more fuel, which in turn releases more energy and produces more power. The combustion process converts the fuel's chemical energy into heat energy, whether the fuel is supplied by fuel injectors or a carburetor. However, airflow is often improved with fuel injection, the components of which allow more design freedom to improve the air's path into the engine. In contrast, a carburetor's mounting options are limited because it is larger, it must be carefully oriented with respect to gravity, and it must be equidistant from each of the engine's cylinders to the maximum practicable degree. These design constraints generally compromise airflow into the engine. Furthermore, a carburetor relies on a restrictive venturi to create a local air pressure difference, which forces the fuel into the air stream. The flow loss caused by the venturi, however, is small compared to other flow losses in the induction system. In a well-designed carburetor induction system, the venturi is not a significant airflow restriction.
Fuel is saved while the car is coasting because the car's movement is helping to keep the engine rotating, so less fuel is used for this purpose. Control units on modern cars react to this and reduce or stop fuel flow to the engine reducing wear on the brakes.
History and development
Herbert Akroyd Stuart developed the first system laid out on modern lines (with a highly-accurate 'jerk pump' to meter out fuel oil at high pressure to an injector. This system was used on the hot bulb engine and was adapted and improved by Robert Bosch for use on diesel engines - Rudolf Diesel's original system employed a cumbersome[citation needed] 'air-blast' system using highly compressed air.[clarification needed]
The first use of direct gasoline injection was on the Hesselman engine invented by Swedish engineer Jonas Hesselman in 1925. Hesselman engines use the ultra lean burn principle; fuel is injected toward the end of the compression stroke, then ignited with a spark plug. They are often started on gasoline and then switched to diesel or kerosene.[citation needed] Fuel injection was in widespread commercial use in diesel engines by the mid-1920s. Because of its greater immunity to wildly changing g-forces on the engine, the concept was adapted for use in gasoline-powered aircraft during World War II, and direct injection was employed in some notable designs like the Daimler-Benz DB 603, the BMW 801, the Shvetsov ASh-82FN (M-82FN) and later versions of the Wright R-3350 used in the B-29 Superfortress.
Alfa Romeo tested one of the very first electric injection systems (Caproni-Fuscaldo) in Alfa Romeo 6C2500 with "Ala spessa" body in 1940 Mille Miglia. The engine had six electrically operated injectors and were fed by a semi-high pressure circulating fuel pump system.
One of the first commercial gasoline injection systems was a mechanical system developed by Bosch and introduced in 1955 on the Mercedes-Benz 300SL. This was basically a high pressure diesel direct-injection pump with an intake throttle valve set up. (Diesels only change amount of fuel injected to vary output; there is no throttle.) This system used a normal gasoline fuel pump, to provide fuel to a mechanically driven injection pump, which had separate plungers per injector to deliver a very high injection pressure directly into the combustion chamber. When combined with Desmo valves in racing the 300 SL was capable of over 100 horsepower per liter, still better than what's commonly possible today without a turbo.
Another mechanical system, also by Bosch, (CIS) but injecting the fuel into the port above the intake valve was later used by Porsche from 1969 until 1973 for the 911 production range in the USA and until 1975 on the Carrera RS 2.7 and RS 3.0 street models in Europe. Porsche continued using it on its racing cars into the late seventies and early eighties. Porsche racing variants such as the 911 RSR 2.7 & 3.0, 904/6, 906, 907, 908, 910, 917 (in its regular normally aspirated or 5.5 Liter/1500 HP Turbocharged form), and 935 all used Bosch or Kugelfischer built variants of injection. The Kugelfischer system was also used by the BMW 2000/2002 Tii and some versions of the Peugeot 404/504 and Lancia Flavia. Lucas also offered a mechanical system which was used by some Maserati, Aston Martin and Triumph models between ca. 1963 and 1973. The first factory electronic fuel injection, a true multi-point system, with dual 2-bbl. throttles, was optional on 1958 Chrysler products, both Hemi and wedge engines. It was jointly engineered by Chrysler and Bendix.
A system similar to the Bosch inline mechanical pump was built by SPICA for Alfa Romeo, used on the Alfa Romeo Montreal and on US market 1750 and 2000 models from 1969 until 1981. This was specifically designed to meet the US emission requirements, and allowed Alfa to meet these requirements with no loss in performance and a reduction in fuel consumption.
Chevrolet introduced a...

Hatchery

goanywhere — Thu, 03 Sep 2009 07:51:30 +0200

Mobile Phone,Motorola RAZR V3 V3i,Cell,K1,V6 V8,Z6,Z8 ,
Fish hatcheries
Main article: Fish hatchery
Stripping eggs
Fish hatcheries are used to cultivate and breed a large number of fish in an enclosed environment. Fish farms use hatcheries to cultivate fish to sell for food, or ornamental purposes, eliminating the need to find the fish in the wild and even providing some species outside of their natural season. They raise the fish until they are ready to be eaten or sold to aquarium stores. Other hatcheries release the juvenile fish into a river, lake or the ocean to support commercial, tribal, or recreational fishing or to supplement the natural numbers of threatened or endangered species, a practice known as fish stocking.
Researchers have raised concerns about hatchery fish potentially breeding with wild fish. Hatchery fish may in some cases compete with wild fish. In the United States and Canada, there have been several salmon and steelhead hatchery reform projects intended to reduce the possibility of negative impacts from hatchery programs. Most salmon and steelhead hatcheries are managed better and follow up to date management practices to ensure any risks are minimized.
Poultry hatcheries
Poultry hatcheries produce a majority of the birds consumed in the developed world including chickens, turkeys, ducks and some other minor bird species that are consumed. It is a multi billion dollar industry with highly regimented production systems used to maximize bird size verse feed consumed. Birds are produced and maintained under high density which makes production and harvesting more economical but can also generate problems such as the spread of pathogens, which can move very quickly through the population when animal densities are high , remote control egg .
Poultry generally start with artificially inseminated birds that lay eggs, the eggs are cleaned and shells are checked for soundness before putting them in the incubators. The incubators control temperature and humidity and turn the eggs until they hatch. Generally large numbers are produced at one time so that the resulting birds are uniform in size and can be harvested at the same time. Once the eggs hatch and the chicks are a few days old they are often beak-trimmed and or toe-clipped, this involves the removal of half of the top beak and the clipping of the toe ends. This is done to prevent the birds from harming each other while they are living in close proximity to each other. After these procedures they are moved to enclosed buildings to be raised until harvest , incubator for eggs .
See als , melt indexer .
Endangered specie , samsung air conditioners .
Minimum viable population
Inbreeding depression
Oystering machinery
References
^ Genetics and the Extinction of Species, Laura F. Landweber and Andrew P. Dobson eds., Princeton University Press (1999)
External links
Hatcheries and the Protection of Wild Salmon
University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections -- Digital Collections -- Fish Hatcheries An ongoing digital collection of images related to fish hatcheries.
- Links to hatchery reform projects
Categories: Poultry farming | Industrial agricultureHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from June 2007 | All articles lacking sources

New England Hurricane of 1938

goanywhere — Thu, 03 Sep 2009 07:51:19 +0200

Table Tops ,
Meteorological history
Storm path
The storm formed as a Cape Verde-type hurricane in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. It reached Category 5 status east of the Bahamas around September 20 before turning northward.
This storm was extremely unusual in that its forward speed approached 70 mph (110 km/h). The unusual rapid movement allowed the hurricane to travel far to the north before it had a chance to weaken over cooler waters and earned it the nickname "Long Island Express."
The hurricane was forecast by the U.S. National Weather Service to curve out into the Atlantic Ocean but instead continued almost due north. It made landfall in Suffolk County on Long Island, New York on September 21, 1938 as a strong Category 3 hurricane on the present-day Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale with a central pressure of 946 mbar (hPa). It then traveled across Long Island Sound into Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, and finally into Canada while still moving at an unusually high speed , glass desk furniture .
The hurricane hit Long Island around 3:30 p.m., which was just a few hours before astronomical high tide. At this time the eye was about 50 miles (80 km) across and the hurricane was about 500 miles (800 km) wide , wooden dining table .
Impac , quality wood furniture .
Costliest U.S. Atlantic hurricane , traditional leather sofa .
Total estimated property damage, adjusted for wealth normalization
Rank
Hurricane
Season
Cost (2005 USD)
1
iami
1926
$157 billion
2
alveston
1900
$99.4 billion
3
Katrina
2005
$81.0 billion
4
alveston
1915
$68.0 billion
5
Andrew
1992
$55.8 billion
6
ew England
1938
$39.2 billion
7
ubalorida
1944
$38.7 billion
8
keechobee
1928
$33.6 billion
9
Donna
1960
$26.8 billion
10
Camille
1969
$21.2 billion
Main article: List of costliest Atlantic hurricanes
Rainfall from Long Island Express Hurricane
The majority of the storm damage was from storm surge and wind. Damage is estimated at $6 billion (2004 USD), making it among the most costly hurricanes to strike the U.S. mainland. It is estimated that if an identical hurricane struck today it would cause $39.2 billion (2005 USD) in damage.
Approximately 600 people died in the storm in New England, most in Rhode Island, and up to 100 people elsewhere in the path of the storm. An additional 708 people were reported injured.
In total, 4,500 cottages, farms, and other homes were reported destroyed. An additional 25,000 homes were damaged. Other damages included 26,000 automobiles destroyed, and 20,000 electrical poles toppled. The hurricane also devastated the forests of the Northeast, knocking down an estimated 2 billion trees in New York and New England. Freshwater flooding was minimal, however, as the quick passage of the storm decreased local rainfall totals, with only a few small areas receiving over 10 inches (250 mm) of rain.
New York
New York City caught the western edge of the hurricane. Winds up to 75 mph blew throughout Manhattan causing the East River to flow three blocks inland. Power was lost throughout the entire city. Brooklyn, Queens, and Nassau Counties, located on the western end of Long Island, were hammered with stronger hurricane force winds in excess of 100 mph but survived the worst wrath of the storm surge due to being on the storm's weaker west side.
Eastern Long Island suffered the worst wrath of the storm. The Dune Road area of Westhampton Beach, was obliterated resulting in 29 deaths. A cinema at Westhampton was also lifted out to sea: around 20 people at a matinee, and the theater projectionist and all landed two miles (3 km) into the Atlantic and drowned. There were 21 other deaths through the rest of the east end of Long Island. The storm surge temporarily turned Montauk into an island as it flooded across the South Fork at Napeague and obliterated the tracks of the Long Island Rail Road.
The surge rearranged the sand at the Cedar Point Lighthouse so that the island became connected to what is now Cedar Point County Park. The surging water created the present-day Shinnecock Inlet by carving out a large section of barrier island separating Shinnecock Bay from the Atlantic Ocean. The storm toppled the landmark steeple of the tallest building in Sag Harbor the Old Whaler's Church. The steeple has not been rebuilt. Wading River suffered substantial damage.
In Greenport, on the North Fork of Long Island, the storm blew down the movie theatre located on Front Street.
Rhode Island
Damage in Island Park, Rhode Island
The storm surge hit Westerly, Rhode Island at 3:50 p.m. EDT, resulting in 100 deaths there alone.
The tide was even higher than usual because of the Autumnal Equinox and full moon. The hurricane produced storm tides of 14 to 18 feet (5 m) across most of the Long Island and Connecticut coast, with 18- to 25-foot (8 m) tides from New London east to Cape Cod. The storm surge was especially violent along the Rhode Island shore, sweeping hundreds of summer cottages out to sea. As the surge drove northward through Narragansett Bay, it was restricted by the Bay's funnel shape and rose to nearly 16 feet (15.8) feet above normal spring tides, resulting in more than 13 feet (4.0 m) of water in some areas of downtown Providence. Several motorists were drowned in their autos.
Many homes and structures along the coast were destroyed as well as many structures inland along the hurricane's path. Entire beach communities on the coast of Rhode Island were obliterated. Napatree Point, a small cape that housed nearly 40 families between the Atlantic Ocean and Little Narragansett Bay just off of Watch Hill, Rhode Island, was completely swept away. Today, Napatree is wildlife refuge with no human inhabitants. The only structures lying directly on the coast that survived the storm were the immense stone mansions in Newport, mostly because the largest mansions were along the Cliff Walk, high above the waves, though several, including The Breakers and Carey Mansion (known at that time as Seaview Terrace) still bear scars from the high winds of the storm.
One of the more tragic stories related to the storm was that of the seven children who died after driver Norman Caswell abandoned their school bus while trying to cross a narrow causeway known as Mackerel Cove in Jamestown, Rhode Island. Halfway through the cove, the bus stalled; the children evacuated and formed a human chain, believing they would be safer. The chain broke and the children were washed away, later to be found at various locations along Narragansett Bay. The only survivors were Caswell and Clayton Chellis (whose sister perished and brother chose to ride home with friends instead, saving his life). Caswell was blamed by many in the town for the children's deaths and never drove the bus again.[citation needed]
A few miles from Conanicus Island, keeper Walter Eberly lost his life when Whale Rock lighthouse was swept off its base and into the raging waves. His body was never found.
Connecticut
Flooding in Bushnell Park in Hartford, Connecticut in the aftermath of the hurricane
Tobacco barn in Connecticut, 1938, by Sheldon Dick
Eastern Connecticut was in the eastern side of the hurricane. Long Island acted as a buffer against large ocean surges, but the waters of Long Island Sound rose to unimaginable heights. Small shoreline towns to the east of New Haven had nearly complete destruction from the water and winds. To this day, the 1938 hurricane holds the record for the worst natural disaster in Connecticut's 350-year history.
In the beach towns of Clinton, Westbrook, and Old Saybrook, buildings were found as wreckage across coastal roads. Actress Katharine Hepburn waded to safety from her Old Saybrook beach home, narrowly escaping death. She stated in her 1991 book that 95% of her personal belongings were either lost or destroyed, including her 1932 Oscar which was later found intact.[citation needed] In Old Lyme, beach cottages were flattened or swept away. Along the Stonington shorefront, buildings were swept off their foundations and found two miles (3 km) inland. Rescuers later searching for survivors in the homes in Mystic found live fish and crabs in kitchen drawers and cabinets.
New London was first swept by the winds and storm surge; then the waterfront business district caught fire and burned out of control for 10 hours. Stately homes along Ocean Beach were leveled by the storm surge. The permanently anchored 240-ton lightship at the head of New London Harbor was found on a sand bar two miles (3 km) away.
Interior sections of the state experienced widespread flooding as the hurricane's torrential rains fell on soil already saturated from previous storms. The Connecticut River was forced out of its banks, inundating cities and towns from Hartford, to Middletown.
Massachusetts
The eye of the storm followed the Connecticut River north into Massachusetts, where the winds and flooding killed 99 people. In Springfield, the river rose to 6 to 10 feet (3 m) above flood stage, causing significant damage. Up to six inches (152 mm) of rain fell across western Massachusetts, which combined with over...

Sealed beam

goanywhere — Fri, 28 Aug 2009 07:42:39 +0200

Flood Projector Light ,

A burnt-out sealed beam, broken open to show internals. When the lamp burns out the whole assembly (reflector, lamp, lens array) must be replaced. The advantage is very good alignment, and being completely impervious to dirt, moisture, etc.
A sealed beam is a type of lamp that includes a reflector and filament as a single assembly, over which a front cover (lens), usually of clear glass, is permanently attached. The previous design was like that of common flashlights (electric torches), which have a separate small bulb which is fitted in front of a parabolic reflector and covered with a transparent cover, which in the case of a headlamp is ribbed to avoid glare from the filament. This cover would be clamped on with a grommet in between to try to seal it; the method's deficiencies were what prompted the sealed beam system. The subsequent design has the reflector sealed to the cover and the small bulb inserted through a hole in the rear of the lamp.
Headlights for automobiles may be of the sealed beam type, meaning that the reflector, the lens array on the front and the bulb are all one unit that must be replaced together in case of burnout. They are clamped into a structure for aiming the beams to meet safety requirements. Every time the headlight is replaced, the aiming of the beams must be checked. Headlights using sealed beams were introduced in the United States in 1940 and became mandatory from the following year until the 1984 model year; cars prior and subsequent to that date could have a variety of shapes of headlamps.
In stage lighting, sealed beam type fixtures are often used. A common size, also used in rock concerts, as well as outdoor architectural lighting, is the parabolic aluminumized reflector 64 (PAR64). PAR lamps are measured in non-SI units of measurement equal to one eighth of an inch, so a PAR64 light is a light that is 8 inches in diameter. The fixtures that such sealed beam lights go into are called "PAR cans", so a PAR64 fixture is an 8 inch diameter can.
Other popular sizes are PAR56, PAR38, and PAR36.
Sealed beams come in various voltages, most commonly 6, 12, 28, 120 and 230 V. Aircraft landing lights, which are commonly used in open air concerts and for stage lighting, are sealed beams that have a very narrow beam spread.
Beam spreads are designated as FL (flood), SP (spot), NSP (narrow spot), and VNSP (very narrow spot), as stamped on the back of the lamp's reflector.
A PAR64 sealed beam typically comes in 250 W, 500 W, or 1000 watt.
Modern sealed beams have an additional envelope around the filament, whereas older types do not. The inner envelope contains halogen to improve the life of the filament and enable more light for the same power; for this to work, the halogen must be confined to the area around the filament by the second envelope, commonly made of fused quartz to withstand the filament's heat. These "halogen sealed beams" appeared on U.S. cars in 1978 to enable halogen technology under Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 108, which at the time required sealed beam headlamps; they continued even after FMVSS 108 was amended to permit composite headlamps in 1983, and came to dominate the sealed beam lamp market.
See also
World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations

v?d?eAutomotive design
Part of the Automobile series
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Framework
Automobile platform? Body-on-frame? Bumper? Cabrio coach? Chassis? Continental tire? Crumple zone? Dagmar bumpers? Decklid? Fender? Fender skirts? Grille? Hood? Hood scoop? Monocoque construction? Overhang? Pillar? Pontoon fenders? Quarter panel? Shaker scoop? Spoiler? Subframe? Tonneau
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Butterfly doors? Gull-wing door? Scissor doors? Suicide door? Sliding doors? Canopy door
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Greenhouse? Sunroof? Power window? Quarter glass? Windshield/Windscreen? Windshield/Windscreen wiper
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Curb feeler? Bumper sticker? Hood ornament? Japan Black paint? Monsoonshield? Nerf bar? Tire/Tyre? Tow hitch? Truck accessory
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Daytime running lamp? Headlamp? Hidden headlamps? High-intensity discharge lamp? Retroreflector? Sealed beam? Trafficators
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Vehicle Identification Number? Vehicle registration plate? Vanity plate? Parktronic? Motor vehicle theft? Windshield/Windscreen washer fluid? Wing mirror
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Backup camera? Boost gauge? Buzzer? Carputer? Electronic instrument cluster? Fuel gauge? Global Positioning System and Automotive navigation system? Head-up display? Idiot light? Malfunction Indicator Lamp? Night vision? Odometer? Radar detector? LIDAR detector? Speedometer? Tachometer? Trip computer
Controls
Bowden cable? Cruise control (speed control)? Electronic throttle control? Gear stick? Hand brake? Manettino dial? Steering wheel? Throttle
Theft deterrence
Key? Car alarm? Immobiliser? Klaxon? Automatic vehicle location? VIN etching
Safety & seating
Airbag? Armrest? Automatic seat belt? Bench seat? Bucket seat? Child safety lock? Rumble seat? Seat belt
Other
Air conditioning? Ancillary power? Car audio? Car phone? Center console? Dashboard? Flat tire? Glove compartment? Motorola connector? Power steering? Rear-view mirror? Sun visor
Portal? Category
Categories: Incandescent light bulbs To get More information , you can visit some products about low voltage bulb, solar angel light, motion detector outdoor lighting, xenon hid bulb, . The Flood Projector Light products should be show more here!

Children Walking Tall

goanywhere — Thu, 27 Aug 2009 07:38:31 +0200

Hood Zipper Jacket ,
Children Walking Tall is a UK and India charity co-founded by Robert Lyon and Shermina Ganatra in 2004. The organisation works with slum and street children in India. Shermina and Robert spent 6 months in Goa volunteering for these children but decided that the best way of helping would be to start theit own charity, it's aim being to give the children living in the slums and on the streets in India a childhood worth remembering. Children Walking Tall operates a children's home and drop in centre called The Mango House.
The Children They Help Most of the children that they help are from the slums or those working on the streets. Slums are often temporary areas hidden away behind buildings and down small tracks, many have no electricity or running water which results in poor hygiene and sanitation. They also help children from families that migrate looking for work. These children can often be found playing and living at the side of busy roads or on building sites. Lack of nourishment and poor living conditions increase the chance of severe health problems.
They also do outreach work that extends into Maharastra and Karnataka, where they provide clothes, fruit, toys and educational items to children living in similar conditions.
With the help of volunteers they set up small school sessions in the slums. During this time they provided just basic lessons in English, Maths, Crafts and Play. Good relationships with the families has allowed them to continue their work to this * * day. In May 2005 they found a permanent home for the charity The Mango House. At this time it was a run down Portuguese house that hadn been lived in for many years. The next six to eight months were spent working on the house, changing it from a shell into a lively centre to which children can come for healthy food, medical care, a safe/dry place to rest and to join in with creative and fun education. The house is open to all children no matter what their background, religion or circumstances.
They provide
Good nourishing food that gives the children the basic nutrients needed to grow into strong healthy adults.
Informal education for the children that's fun, exciting and useful.
Access to formal schooling, allowing the children the chance of a proper education that will enhance their chances of employment.
Access to quality health care to ensure that the children stay fit and healthy. We have dealt with many severe cases including burns, Leprosy, TB, Malaria and many other issues.
Showers and washing facilities. This simple measure helps control the spread of skin infections which are common amongst the children. It also gives them a sense of pride in their appearance.
Appropriate clothes and footwear are given to both the children in the house and those in the slums.
Above all they provide a caring, stable environment that the children can rely upon.
Daily fruit visits to local slums and regular clothing distribution.
Contents
1 News snippets (July/August Newsletter)
2 News snippets (May / June Newsletter 07)
3 Featured In
4 External links
//
News snippets (July/August Newsletter)
A young girl seriously burned We received some terrible news recently about one of the young girls who attends he Mango House. The girl had returned to her native village in Karnataka a couple of months ago where she worked in the fields and also cooked for the family at home. One day while at home she reached over while cooking, her dress got too close to the fire and caught alight. She didn't know what to do and ran out of the house screaming. Neighbours saw her and threw water over her to put out the flames.
Independence Day - Campal Children Park Independence day was celebrated in Goa, as it was throughout India. For our own little celebration the children made flags and as a special treat we took them to the Campal Children park in Panjim. We were lucky to have a dry sunny day and the children had lots of fun playing on the swings and slides. The park has simple equipment but it was enough to keep the children thoroughly entertained for the whole day. It was a great sight to see the children having fun. The day finished with drinks and fruit. Thank you to all the volunteers who kept an eye on the children, although I think the volunteers enjoyed it just as much as the children!
News snippets (May / June Newsletter 07)
School As well as getting all the children who attend 'The Mango House' into school, we also have a programme where we help other local children with their educational needs. Unfortunately one of the main reasons that children don't attend school is financial. Although in theory education is free and they don't have to pay school fees, for many families living in the slums, the lack of available money for school uniforms, books, shoes, bags etc means that the children cannot afford to attend school. This year, we have helped around 70 children with these items. As well as getting them into school, we follow their progress and talk regularly with the schools to try and help the children as much as possible.
Hospital Admissions There have been several children requiring hospitalisation during the last couple of months. Just recently, a further three children have been admitted. Two of the admitted children are siblings, a brother and sister, both with similar symptoms. The elder of the two had a scorching 42.3 / 108.1 degree temperature which is life threatening. Both were admitted into hospital for 5 days where malaria was finally confirmed.
Featured In
Been featured on SF Television Switzerland "einfachluxurios GOA" (8/02/2007]
Children Walking Tall is mentioned in the latest version of Lonely Planet (India).
Zee Magazine (London Edition) Article
Warship (TV series) Featured in the last episode of the UK TV Series of Warship
External links
Children Walking Tall
My compassionate crusade to help hildren Walking Tall
SF Television PDF Document
SF Television Programme List
Categories: Children's charities | Educational charities | Charities based in India | Non-profit organisations based in India | Charities based in the United Kingdom
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Curly Horse

goanywhere — Wed, 26 Aug 2009 09:37:23 +0200

Waterproof 0.10mm Self Adhesive Vinyl sheet ,

Curly Horse
Bashkir Curly
Distinguishing features:
curly coat, mane and tail.
Alternative names:
American Bashkir Curly
Country of origin:
North America
Common nicknames:
Curly
A Curly is a breed of horse. Curlies, also called Bashkir Curlies, American Bashkir Curlies, and North American Curly Horses, come in all sizes, colors, and body types but all carry a gene for a unique curly coat of hair.
Contents
1 Traits
1.1 Coat, mane and tail
1.2 Hypoallergenic
1.3 Build
2 Origin
3 Registries and Organizations
4 Show Horse & Companion Mount
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
//
Traits
The Curlies are known for their calm and intelligent and friendly personality. They show a very easy trainable temperament. They also show tough constitutions and great stamina. Most people have found that the curlies enjoy being around people. The curlies are typically not flighty. They tend to do more reasoning than most breeds. They are very reliable and have a great work ethic.

A Curly in full winter coat
Coat, mane and tail
The unique gene that gives Curlies their curly hair (which is most obvious with their winter coat) can be expressed minimally (horse exhibits curly hair inside ears, at fetlocks, and a kinky mane and tail), maximally (horse exhibits curl all over body, has extremely dreadlocked mane, and has curly eyelashes and guard hairs), Extreme (very tight, extreme curls, but when they shed out for summer can shed entirely bald) or any variation in between. The coat in the summer shows a slight wave in it, but not as extreme as the winter curls. http://www.curlyhorses.org/index.php?page=faqcurly Because the trait can be carried heterozygously, some purebred Curlies exhibit no curl at all. (Called "smooth coat" curlies) Curlies have split manes and are not braided or clipped when shown. Curlies are most commonly chestnut colored, but can be found in every color from standard bays, blacks, and greys, to appaloosa markings; from pinto patterns to dilute colors such as buckskin, roan, grulla, and cremello.
The care for the curly hair is simple. Most people choose to not comb the mane due to the fact that the hair will lose its curliness. The manes are often trimmed to keep them from matting. The tails can be combed. Some people choose to collect the hair that is shed from the mane and tails in the spring. The hair is then donated to the ICHO Fiber Guild. They use the hair for spinning. All of the proceeds go to ICHO Curly Research Efforts.
Hypoallergenic

Characteristic Winter Coat of a Curly

Closeup of Curly Coat in Winter
Curlies are acclaimed to be the only hypoallergenic horse breed; most people allergic to horses can handle Curly Horses without suffering any allergic reaction. Research indicates a protein is missing from the fur of Curlies which may be what causes allergic reactions to horses in allergy suffers, but the study was never officially published. Members of the Curly Community are working towards funding more research on this.
Build
The Curly has a characteristic long stride and bold movement. They have tough hooves, strong bones and exceptional endurance. Most Curlies stand between 14 and 16 hands, though they can range from Miniature horses to Draft horses (Only allowed in two registries).
Origin
The origins of the Curly horse is highly debated in the Curly community, but research is mostly still in progress. Disagreements of the Curly horse's history result in confusion of what the breed is, and what it should be called. ABCR members prefer "Bashkir Curly" while CSI & ICHO members lean towards "North American Curly". The addition or removal of 'Bashkir' to the breed name is highly debated.
It's said Curly horses were documented in Asian artwork as early as 161 AD. Charles Darwin documented curly horses in South America in the early 1800s and the early Sioux Indians regarded curly horses as sacred mounts for chiefs and medicine men. Native American artwork shows Curlies carrying warriors in the Battle of Little Bighorn.[citation needed]
Another theory is that the origin of the breed is Iberian. It has been noted that foals of cross bred horses have the curly hair. This shows evidence that the curly gene is dominant.
Registries and Organizations
The American Bashkir Curly Registry (ABCR) opened in 1971 with only 21 horses; as of May 2005 there were just over 4,000 Bashkir Curlies in the world, primarily in North America. They are the original standing Curly Registry, and have a closed stud book- only issuing new registrations to horses with two ABCR registered parents.
The International Curly Horse Organization (ICHO) began in 2000 and had over 800 horses registered in its North American Curly Horse Registry (as of Oct. 2006). Horses within this registry are not referred to as "Bashkir Curlies". Although bloodlines (when available) are tracked, the ICHO registers horses based on visible curly traits rather than bloodlines.
Curly Sporthorse International (CSI) began in early 2003 to promote sport horse type Curly Horses, which are one of the more popular types of Curlies. CSI was created to support Curly owners & breeders in improvement of breeding stock, promotion, & marketing. The registry also sponsors Horse of the Year awards and USDF All Breed Awards for performance. CSI advocates evaluation of breeding stock & their offspring.
Canadian Curly Horse Association (CCHA) formed in 1993. This group is focused on community events in the Curly world, and spreading knowledge of the Curly horse.
Show Horse & Companion Mount
Though eye catching and unusual in the show ring, Curlies have the movement, endurance, and heart to excel in competition. Several Curlies have made a name for themselves at upper levels of dressage and show jumping, but countless others have proved the reliable mount and patient teacher for the weekend competitor. Curlies are characteristically quiet, level headed horses that make excellent first horses for supervised beginner riders. Curlies are forgiving and adaptable and many have carried horse-allergic riders from raw beginner to achieving the once-believed-impossible dream of showing horses.[citation needed] The curlies have been used for combined driving, western, ranch horses, trail horses, and excelent pasture buddies. Some of the curlies have been cross bred to gaited horses. About 10% of the cross bred will do either the running walk, fox trot or the stepping pace, which is also called the curly shuffle. The curlies are not used for racing or high trotting showing.
See also
Bashkir Pony
References
^ Curly genetics
^ http://www.curlyhorses.org/index.php?page=faqcurly
^
^ Breed standard
^ Standard 2
^ http://www.curlyhorses.org/index.php?page=faqcurly
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^ http://www.curlyhorses.org/index.php?page=faqcurly
External links
Curly Sport Horse International Registry
American Bashkir Curly Registry
International Curly Horse Organization
Canadian Curly Horse Association
Curly Horse Pedigree Database
Curly Horse Country, Fun, Informative Resource site!
Photos of Bashkir Curly Horses
Categories: Horse breeds
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Cap'n Crunch for Yellow Corn #2

goanywhere — Wed, 26 Aug 2009 08:48:01 +0200

arts and crafts,vases,woodcarvings made in china for sale ,

For other uses, see Captain Crunch.

A box of the Cap'n Crunch breakfast cereal, featuring the Cap'n Crunch character.
Cap'n Crunch is a sweetened corn and oat breakfast cereal manufactured by Quaker Oats Company and introduced in 1963. Pamela Low, a flavorist at Arthur D. Little and "the mother of Cap'n Crunch," developed the flavor from a brown sugar and butter recipe that her grandmother had served over rice.
Former Quaker Oats food scientist turned winemaker, Chaim Di Arie may be considered the father of Cap'n Crunch as he is often credited with its invention. This is because Di Arie invented the flavor extrusion process used to put the flavors from Pamela Low's recipe into the cereal. Additionally, Robert Rountree Reinhart Sr is credited with inventing the cereal as he headed the team working on its development. In 1965 the Quaker Oats company awarded Reinhart the Fredus N. Peters Award for his leadership in directing the team of researchers responsible for the development of Cap'n Crunch.
Contents
1 Variations
2 Advertising
2.1 The Soggies
3 Relation to hacking culture
4 References
5 External links

//

Variations

Regular flavor Cap'n Crunch
Cap Crunch Crunch Berries A Cap Crunch Crunch Berries version of the cereal was created in 1967 and also contained spherical pieces in red, intended to represent berries, and a mascot was introduced called the Crunch Berry Beast. In the 90s, two additional colors of the Crunchberries (blue and purple) were added to the mix and then a third (green) in 2002. All are flavored the same, regardless of color.
Peanut Butter Crunch Peanut Butter Crunch would follow two years later in 1969, with a large elephant named Smedley as its mascot; according to sales charts, this version was the most successful at the time.
Punch Crunch, Vanilly Crunch, Cinnamon Crunch Three more editions were issued in the early 70s -- Punch Crunch, Vanilly Crunch, and Jean LaFoote Cinnamon Crunch -- but were later discontinued. Punch Crunch was fruit-flavored cereal rings, and the mascot was sailor-clad hippopotamus named Harry.
Choco Crunch In 1982, a variant called Choco Crunch, featuring the mascot "Chockle the Blob", was introduced. This version contained the yellow corn squares, plus chocolate flavored pieces similar to Crunch Berries. Recently, the "Choco Crunch" brand was reintroduced, but this time consisting of chocolate flavored corn squares, unlike the original version, which was a mix of yellow corn squares and chocolate puffs.
Christmas Crunch A special edition named Christmas Crunch was first released for the 1988 holiday season and contained Cap Crunch with red and green Crunch Berries in a green box with the Cap wearing a Santa Claus hat (originally also containing a toy or Christmas tree ornament inside the box). This variety is now only available currently in certain regions of the United States (and was recently changed to a gold box).
Oops, All Berries First released in 1997 another special edition was ops! All Berries containing nothing but the strawberry flavored Crunch Berries and none of the corn squares.
Galactic Crunch A discontinued version which featured space-related marshmallows.
Choco Doughnuts A discontinued version which featured chocolate flavored doughnut shaped cereal with candy sprinkles
Home Run Crunch A limited edition version of the cereal. It has the flavor of Berry Crunch but the pieces of the cereal are shaped as bats and balls.
Cap'n Crunch's Mystery Volcano Crunch Red and yellow fruit flavored berries with "'free' packet of lava rocks that pop in milk!"
Cap'n Crunch's Oops! Smashed Berries Oops! All Berries cereal with flat berries that the kids smashed
Cap'n Crunch's CoZmic Crunch Star shaped berries with "'free' orange space dust that turns milk green"
Advertising
Cap'n Crunch TV commercials have aired since 1963. The first Cap Crunch commercials, featured four children (Alfie, Brunhilde, Carlyle, and Dave) and the canine Sea Dog, who sailed with the Cap on his ship, The Good Ship Guppy. The crew was tasked with keeping the cereal safe from the Cap nemesis, Jean LaFoote, the Barefoot Pirate. The characters also appeared in a comic book included in Cap Crunch cereal boxes.
Jay Ward is credited with the creation of the Cap Crunch character and his Jay Ward Studios produced the first Cap Crunch commercials. The commercials have historically used basic cartoon animation; however, Vinton Studios produced a claymation ad during the 80s.
In 1999, an advertising campaign starred Cap'n Crunch travelling to the center of the Earth after learning that the main ingredient in Cap'n Crunch cereal, known as crunchium, was being stolen by "The Crunchium Thieves." Cap'n Crunch turned for help to the creatures that live in the center of the Earth, "The Crunchlings." During this campaign, a PC game known as Cap'n Crunch's Crunchling Adventure was released with the cereal to raise a Crunchling and train it to defeat the leader of the Crunchium Thieves in a skateboarding, jumping or throwing contest.
In May 2007 Cap'n Crunch's full name was revealed as Captain Horatio Magellan Crunch. It was also revealed on Cap'n Crunch's own baseball card (Cap'n Crunch's Home Run Crunch cereal) that he was "young" in 1963 but according to the picture, old enough to have white hair and mustache.
Daws Butler was the original voice of the Cap and continued in the role until his death in 1988. Other characters in the original ads were voiced by Ward Studio veterans June Foray, Bill Scott, and Paul Frees.
In modern TV ads Cap Crunch is often seen riding his ship through a wall as the whistle blares. He often comes in the middle of a predicament and uses his cereal to solve the problem at hand by runch-a-tizing it. Another reference to the cereal crunchiness, a regular theme used to feature Cap Crunch battling off the evil oggies who attempted to og out the taste of his cereal. In a recent ad, Jean LaFoote returns, this time trying to steal the Captain's cereal recipe.
Cap Crunch was the most popular children's cereal from 19651971 when Post released its fruit-flavored crispy rice cereal known as Fruity Pebbles.[citation needed] It took six years for Crunch to dominate the segment again, releasing a new flavor of the crunch berry ingredient, grape.
The Soggies
The Soggies were a fictional race of white, blob-like, wet beings with the power to prematurely dampen breakfast cereals. During the eighties they were the frequent adversaries of Cap'n Crunch, and would often attempt to dampen his cereal while children ate it for breakfast. The Soggies haven't been seen for a number of years, but at their height they were even featured in a Spider-Man/Cap'n Crunch crossover promotion[citation needed] in which the Soggies purportedly had captured Spider-Man and concerned citizens could call a hotline to help "save" him.
Relation to hacking culture
Main article: John Draper

Cap'n Crunch Bosun whistle CA 1971.
In early 1971, a Vietnam War veteran named John Draper (later nicknamed Captain Crunch, Crunch, or Crunchman) discovered with his friend Joe Engressia that a toy whistle that was, at the time, packaged in boxes of the cereal could be easily modified to emit a tone at precisely 2600 hertz, the same frequency that was used by AT&T long lines to indicate that a trunk line was ready and available to route a new call. This would effectively disconnect one end of the trunk, allowing the still-connected side to enter an operator mode. This resulted in, among other things, the ability to place free phone calls to anywhere in the world and operator-like control over the phone system. Experimenting with this whistle inspired Draper to build blue boxes,...
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Tokat for bath and toilet

goanywhere — Wed, 26 Aug 2009 06:27:01 +0200

Detox Foot Spa Energizer Ion Cleanse Toxin Draining Machine ,

Tokat
Tokat Republic Square
Location of Tokat within Turkey.
Coordinates: 4019?N 3633?E? / ?40.317 36.55? / 40.317; 36.55
Country
Turkey
Region
Black Sea
Province
Tokat
Government
-Mayor
Do?. Dr. Adnan ?i?ek (Justice and Development Party)
Area
-Total
9,958km2(3,844.8sqmi)
Elevation
623m (2,044ft)
Population []
-Total
113,100
-Density
83/km2(215/sqmi)
Time zone
EET (UTC+2)
-Summer(DST)
EEST (UTC+3)
Postal code
60 xxx
Area code(s)
0356
Licenceplate
60
Website
http://www.tokat.bel.tr/
Tokat is the capital city of Tokat Province of Turkey, at the mid Black Sea region of Anatolia. According to the 2000 census, the city of Tokat has a population of 113,100.
Contents
1 Landmarks
1.1 Famous people born in Tokat
2 Famous foods in Tokat
3 External links

//

Landmarks

Fa?ade of the G?k Medrese in Tokat, founded by the Pervane ca. 1270.
The most important landmark here is the Ottoman Citadel of 28 towers, founded on a rocky hill overlooking the town. The Garipler Mosque dating to the 12th century and the Ali Pasa Mosque of 16th century are other sights worth visiting.
One of Tokat's finest buildings is the G?k Medrese (Pervane Bey Darussifasi) which was constructed in 1270. It was founded as a school of theology, and is now converted into a museum, housing archaeological finds from the area.
The Latifoglu Konak, late eighteenth century Ottoman home in Tokat is a masterpiece of Baroque architecture. The two-story building has been restored and converted into a small museum. Much of the furniture in the kitchen, study, visitors' rooms with bath and toilet, bedroom, master's room and harem is original.
The city also holds a university, Gaziosmanpa?a iversitesi, founded in 1992 and named after the local hero, Gazi Osman Pa?a.
Famous people born in Tokat
Gazi Osman Pa?a, 1832-1897, Ottoman Commander (Siege of Pleven)
"ibn-i Kemal" (Kemalpasazade), Ahmet Semseddin, historian, Muslim judge and administrator.
Krikor Balakian, 1875-1934, Armenian bishop
Seda Sayan
Engin Gayd?n
Famous foods in Tokat
There is various foods in Tokat but most known is Tokat Kebabi and Zile pekmezi, the latter of which is served in a wooden pot. This is made from grapes after a special treatment.
External links
Pictures
Tokat
Tokat Re?adiye - Sarayk??la Village Association
Zile daily news portal
Yildiztepe, a small town in Zile

v?d?e
Tokat in Tokat Province (in the Black Sea region) of Turkey
Urban districts
Tokat

Rural districts
Almus - Artova - Ba??iftlik - Erbaa - Niksar - Pazar - Re?adiye - Sulusaray - Turhal - Ye?ilyurt - Zile
Regions
Provinces
Aegean
Afyonkarahisar - Ayd?n - Denizli - ?zmir - Kahya - Manisa - Mu?la - U?ak
Black Sea
Amasya - Artvin - Bart?n - Bayburt - Bolu - ?orum - Dce - Giresun - G?hane - Karab - Kastamonu - Ordu - Rize - Samsun - Sinop - Tokat - Trabzon - Zonguldak
Central Anatolia
Aksaray - Ankara - ?ank?r? - Eski?ehir - Karaman - Kayseri - K?r?kkale - K?r?ehir - Konya - Nev?ehir - Ni?de - Sivas - Yozgat
Eastern Anatolia
A?r? - Ardahan -Bing?l - Bitlis - Elaz?? - Erzincan - Erzurum - Hakkari - I?d?r - Kars - Malatya - Mu? - Siirt - Tunceli - Van
Marmara
Bal?kesir - Bilecik - Bursa - ?anakkale - Edirne - Istanbul - K?rklareli - Kocaeli - Sakarya - Tekirda? - Yalova
Mediterranean
Adana - Antalya- Burdur - Hatay - Isparta - Kahramanmara? - Mersin - Osmaniye
Southeastern Anatolia
Ad?yaman - Batman - Diyarbak?r - Gaziantep - Kilis - Mardin - ?anl?urfa - ??rnak
Categories: Tokat Province | Cities in Turkey | Black Sea Region | Black Sea Region geography stubs
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Greeks Bearing Gifts (Torchwood) for bea...

goanywhere — Wed, 19 Aug 2009 11:27:02 +0200

14pcs Kitchen Knives with a Wooden Block and A Scissor ,

07"Greeks Bearing Gifts"
Torchwood episode
The alien reveals herself to Tosh.
Cast
John Barrowman Captain Jack Harkness
Eve Myles Gwen Cooper
Burn Gorman Owen Harper
Naoko Mori Toshiko Sato
Gareth David-Lloyd Ianto Jones
Guest stars
Daniela Denby-Ashe Mary
Tom Robertson Soldier
Ravin J Ganatra Neil
Eiry Thomas Carol
Shaheen Jafargholi Danny
Paul Kasey Weevil
Production
Writer
Toby Whithouse
Director
Colin Teague
Scripteditor
Brian Minchin
Producer
Richard StokesChris Chibnall (co-producer)
Executive producer(s)
Russell T DaviesJulie Gardner
Productioncode
1.7
Series
Series 1
Length
50 mins
Originallybroadcast
26 November 2006
Chronology
?Precededby
Followedby?
"Countrycide"
"They Keep Killing Suzie"
IMDbprofile
"Greeks Bearing Gifts" is an episode of the British science fiction television series Torchwood. It is the seventh episode of the first series, which was broadcast on 26 November 2006.
Contents
1 Synopsis
2 Plot
3 Continuity
4 Music
5 Outside references
6 External links

//

Synopsis
Faced with sudden telepathic abilities, Toshiko finds a mixed blessing when the dark secrets of others are revealed to her.
Plot
The Torchwood team are called to a building site where they find a human skeleton with a rusted alien artifact buried in the ground. They return the skeleton and artifact to the Hub, and Owen identifies the skeleton as a woman who died from a gunshot, having been buried there for nearly two centuries. Owen and Gwen flirt around the Hub, distracting Tosh enough to make her step out and go to a nearby pub for a drink. There, Tosh meets Mary who introduces herself as a "Scavenger", a person that collects alien objects. Mary explains she knows everything about Torchwood and Tosh's background from a pendant that gives the wearer mind-reading powers, and presents it to Tosh. Tosh is initially overwhelmed by the thoughts of others, but is able to focus on Mary's thoughts which suggest Mary has a romantic interest in Tosh. Tosh claims she needs to show the pendant to the others at Torchwood, but Mary asks her not to.
Tosh returns to the Hub to investigate the pendant further, but is shocked when she reads the thoughts of Owen and Gwen about her as they flirt. Tosh races home to find Mary waiting for her. Tosh tries to return the pendant, but Mary insists she wear it, and lets Tosh read her mind, again showing a romantic interest in Tosh. Tosh and Mary break into a kiss and spend the night together. Tosh wakes up feeling guilty about what she did, but Mary insists that the pendant can be used for good ways. Tosh asks Mary who she really is, and Mary replies "Philoctetes". Tosh takes Mary's advice and overhears the thoughts of a man who is on his way to kill his ex-wife and son, and is able to stop him before he can harm them. She returns to the Hub to find that Owen is being teased by the others about misidentifying the skeleton; it was actually that of a man that died of an unidentified trauma. Tosh asks Jack about the name "Philoctetes", and he explains it is a Greek mythology character
that was exiled to the island of Lemnos.
Tosh meets with Mary again, who starts to ask questions about the artifact found with the skeleton, and tells Tosh that Jack is withholding information from her. Tosh asks Jack about the artifact but Jack admits he is still looking into it; Tosh finds she cannot read Jack's mind to find out what he is thinking. Tosh returns to Mary with this information, and Mary reveals herself to be an exiled alien: the pendant she gave Tosh is their way of communication, and the artifact is a transporter that brought her to Earth and her way to leave the planet. Tosh offers Torchwood's help, but Mary refuses, and instead insist that Tosh bring Mary to Torchwood to retrieve the artifact themselves. Meanwhile, Owen's investigation of the skeleton reveals several more cases of similar trauma reported in the last two centuries.
Tosh brings Mary into Torchwood, where they find Jack holding the artifact. Jack explains that it is actually a two man transporter for a guard and a prisoner. Through flashbacks, Mary explains that when the transporter landed in Cardiff in 1812, she killed her guard and then took the body of a human prostitute, killing others to keep her human form through the centuries. Mary then quickly takes Tosh at knife point and demands the transporter back. Jack obliges, but as soon as Mary holds it, it activates and it disappears along with Mary. Jack explains that he programmed the device to teleport to the center of the sun. As the team recovers, Tosh apologizes to Gwen and Owen for her behavior, and then, when presented with Jack whether to keep the pendant, she smashes it on the pavement, though she admits to Jack that when she had tried to read his mind, it was like reading that of a dead man.
Continuity
For the dating of this episode, see the Chronology.
A pair of 3-D glasses, originally used by the Tenth Doctor in "Doomsday" and seen in "Small Worlds", makes another fleeting appearance. Also visible is a rifle used against the Daleks in "Doomsday", and a replica of the Doctor's sonic screwdriver can be seen on Toshiko's desk. The Sycorax Leader's staff and sword from Doctor Who episode The Christmas Invasion are visible next to the Doomsday Rifle. Presumably the sword was retrieved with the severed hand of the Doctor or from The Sycorax Leader with the staff.
A man of questionable mental state is said to be having visions of Cybermen.
Jack has asked Toshiko to prepare "a list" for UNIT, the first verbal mention of that organisation in the series.
Jack speaks to the Prime Minister on the telephone asking why documents listing Torchwood operations are being giving to the opposition, believed to be Harold Saxon.
Some scan images of the Cyberwoman are in the autopsy room where the body they find is being held.
Toshiko now knows about the affair between Gwen and Owen, first seen at the end of "Countrycide".
An alien of the same race as Mary appears in The Sarah Jane Adventures pilot episode "Invasion of the Bane", albeit this time as a "star poet". The episode clarifies that Mary's home planet is called "Arcateen 5" and that they are largely a peaceful race. Although this particular species has been referenced in the Torchwood novel Something in the Water as "Arcateenians", the Sarah Jane website originally referred to this alien species as the "Butterfly People".
Music
The songs "Spitting Games" by Snow Patrol (when Mary introduces herself to Toshiko, last heard in "Everything Changes"), "Sing" by Travis (when Tosh tells Mary about alien cultures & artefacts, last heard in "Ghost Machine"), "Drag" by Placebo (when Mary tells Tosh about the pendant and tells her to keep it) and "Suddenly I See" by KT Tunstall (when Mary kisses Tosh in the cafe then asks about the object from the building site) are featured in this episode.
Outside references
The phrase "Beware Greeks bearing gifts" refers to the Trojan horse described in Virgil's The Aeneid.
James Bond and the film Alien are referenced.
Jack makes a reference to the American television series Quincy, M.E. when Owen is first examining the skeleton at the building site ("Good job, Quincy").
Mary quotes the poem Kubla Khan by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. The historical Kublai Khan appeared in the First Doctor serial Marco Polo (1964).
The overheard thought "Six cigarettes today and all of them post-coital... glorious." is a quote from Bridget Jones's Diary.
Gwen teases Owen by...
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Nismo for nissan oem parts

goanywhere — Wed, 19 Aug 2009 10:22:02 +0200

SPC Fuel tank truck ,

Nissan Motorsport Ltd. (Nismo)
Type
Private
Genre
Tuning/Racing
Founded
September 17, 1984
Headquarters
Tokyo, Japan
Industry
Motor vehicles
Products
Automobiles/automobile parts
Revenue
?2.9 trillion per year
Employees
205
Website
Nissan Motorsports Official International site
Nismo (abbreviated from Nissan Motorsport International Limited (??????????????????????????? ,Nissan M?t? Sup?tsu Int?nashonaru Kabushiki-gaisha?)) is the motorsports and performance division of Nissan Motor Company. Formed in 1984 as a result of a merger of two motorsport departments, Nismo cars have participated in JSPC, Formula Nippon, JTCC, 24 Hours of Le Mans and 24 Hours of Daytona. They currently participate in the Super GT.
Contents
1 History
2 Products
2.1 Tuning kits
2.2 Complete cars
3 Exit and re-entry into the US Market
4 References
5 External links

//

History
In 1984, Nissan decided that it wanted to merge its two motorsport division, founded in the late 1960s, there were Publication Division 3, based in its Oppama factory, responsible for the needs of privateer teams and Special Car Testing Division, within its ?mori plant, responsible for its factory operations. The company's intention following the merger was to specialize in sportscar racing, but it also provided support for teams competing in the domestic F3 series.
In 1988, Nismo built its first car, the Saurus for motorsport use for its one-make series. The following year they developed the Skyline GT-R for racing as well as building the 500 evolution editions for road use.
Products
Tuning kits
Nismo designs and manufactures a range of aftermarket performance parts for Nissan cars including aerodynamic parts such as spoilers and diffusers, alloy wheels, engine and suspension parts.
Most Datsun, Nissan, and Infiniti branded cars have performance parts available from Nismo, either in production or as old stock. For example, Nismo sells parts such as unground cam billets, performance cams, pistons, etc for the KA24E engine, which was used in the Nissan small pickup truck for several years and also used for the 1989 and 1990 model years of 240SX, a popular car among Import scene enthusiasts (especially Drifters) in North America.
In Japan, the V35 Skyline and Z33 Fairlady have both received several levels of Nismo tuning packages (E-Type, S-Tune, R-Tune, and S1 packages), with a full track spec Fairlady Z debuted at the 2005 Nismo Festival of Speed held at (formerly) Fuji International Raceway.
Announced in February 2007, Nismo announced the launch of the Nismo 380RS. The Nismo 380RS is a modified version of Nissan Z33 Fairlady Z. Two versions have been announced, the first is track-only model called the 380RS-C (C for competition), the second is a street model being sold at Nissan dealers. Both versions use a Nissan VQ series V6 engine, bored and stroked to 3.8L. The track-only 380RS-C makes 400hp, and the street version makes approximately 350hp. The Nismo 380RS is only being sold in Japan.
Complete cars
Recently, Nismo released the Skyline GT-R R34 V-Spec complete car, the Z-Tune. Because there was a limitation in the number of parts, Nismo was only able to create 20 of them. The complete version sells for 17,745,000 Yen (USD $146,600, as of December 7, 2005) in Japan. However, the parts-conversion version, where the customer's Skyline GT-R's become the base car, sells for 13,125,000 Yen (USD $108,500, as of December 7, 2005). However, it is known that the GT-R Z-tune can exceed the $180,000 USD price tag in car market. The engine is an RB26DETT Z2 (a normal GT-R engine with a stroked displacement of 2.8 liters & Nismo parts designed specifically for the Z2). All of the Z-Tunes have been sold already. The car weighs 1600kg.
Nismo was also responsible for the R33 Skyline 400R and S14 Silvia 270R models. Both featured comprehensive modifications to the drivetrain, suspension, brakes, chassis, and aero work. Very limited numbers of both models were sold in 1997, and both command high resale prices even today. These models stressed Nismo's link to street car tuning, and were developed (as was the Z-Tune GT-R) at their Chiba City tuning garage. Nismo street tuned vehicles have been sold at Nissan dealerships for years, and come with full warranties.
Exit and re-entry into the US Market
Nismo pulled out of the US market in the late 1990s due to parent company restructuring worldwide. The company's return in 2002 was celebrated with the launch of several US only models and tuning packages for the Sentra SE-R Spec-V, Frontier, 350Z, and recently the Titan and Murano. Most Nismo parts available for general consumers are their S-Tune and R-Tune packages. These packages are designed for street (S-Tune) and light track duty (R-Tune). Full race parts and equipment are also available to make this car a highly competitive vehicle within its class range.
References
^ a b c Enthusia Professional Racing, Konami: Library?Maker Profiles
External links
Nismo official web site (Unrecognised language code), Japanese official web site for Nismo products.
Nissan Motorsports, coverage and information on Nissan motorsports events (available in English or Japanese).
Nismo USA official site
Nismo Russia site
Categories: Nissan | Auto parts suppliers | Motor vehicle companies | Automotive companies of Japan | Official motorsport and performance division of automakers | Japanese auto racing teams | World Rally Championship teams | 24 Hours of Le Mans entrants | World Sportscar Championship entrants | Super GT teams
Hidden categories: Articles containing Japanese language text
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